Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is a synthetic polypeptide designed to activate two key incretin hormone receptors—GIP and GLP-1—simultaneously. This dual mechanism of action provides comprehensive metabolic benefits:

• GLP-1 Receptor Agonism: Suppresses appetite, slows gastric emptying, and stimulates glucose-dependent insulin release.
• GIP Receptor Agonism: Enhances insulin secretion and sensitivity, and is linked to fat metabolism.

By combining the actions of both incretins, Tirzepatide achieves robust and sustained improvements in health markers:

Key Efficacy Points:

• Weight Loss: In the SURMOUNT clinical trials for obesity, Tirzepatide demonstrated mean weight loss of up to 22.5% at the highest dose over 72 weeks, setting a new benchmark for pharmacological obesity treatment.
• Glycemic Control: It significantly lowers $\text{HbA}_{1c}$ levels, with clinical trials showing its superiority over various other diabetes treatments, including single GLP-1 agonists.

Approved Indications & Brands:

• Mounjaro®: Approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
• Zepbound®: Approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity (BMI $\ge 30$ kg/m$^2$) or overweight (BMI $\ge 27$ kg/m$^2$) with at least one weight-related comorbidity.

Administration:

• Dosing: Once-weekly subcutaneous injection.